Learn how to use some common time references
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Engla: Hej allihopa! I’m Engla. |
| Gabriella: Hi everyone, I’m Gabriella. Welcome back to SwedishPod101.com. This is Lower Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 14 - Is There Enough Time To Finish This Swedish Task? In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use some common Swedish time references. |
| Engla: Yes, and the conversation takes place in Robert’s room. |
| Gabriella: It’s between Robert and Anna, and they're using informal Swedish because they’re friends. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Anna: Hej! Förlåt att jag är sen. |
| Robert: Det är lugnt. |
| Anna: Har du väntat länge? |
| Robert: I en timme. |
| Anna: Oj! När måste du åka? |
| Robert: Jag måste ta bussen som går om två timmar. |
| Anna: Hinner vi göra klart läxan då? |
| Robert: Ja! Vi är klara på en timme. |
| -With English Translation- |
| Anna: Hej! Förlåt att jag är sen. |
| Gabriella: Hi! Sorry I'm late. |
| Robert: Det är lugnt. |
| Gabriella: It's cool! |
| Anna: Har du väntat länge? |
| Gabriella: Have you been waiting for a long time? |
| Robert: I en timme. |
| Gabriella: For an hour. |
| Anna: Oj! När måste du åka? |
| Gabriella: Oh! When do you have to go? |
| Robert: Jag måste ta bussen som går om två timmar. |
| Gabriella: I have to take the bus that leaves in two hours. |
| Anna: Hinner vi göra klart läxan då? |
| Gabriella: Will we have time to finish the homework then? |
| Robert: Ja! Vi är klara på en timme. |
| Gabriella: Yes! We'll be done within an hour. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Gabriella: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is… |
| Engla: förlåt [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: sorry |
| Engla: förlåt [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: förlåt [natural native speed] |
| Engla: sen [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: late |
| Engla: sen [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: sen [natural native speed] |
| Engla: det är lugnt [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: it's cool |
| Engla: det är lugnt [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: det är lugnt [natural native speed] |
| Engla: i [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: for |
| Engla: i [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: i [natural native speed] |
| Engla: på [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: within |
| Engla: på [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: på [natural native speed] |
| Engla: om [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: in |
| Engla: om [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: om [natural native speed] |
| Engla: läxa [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: homework |
| Engla: läxa [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: läxa [natural native speed] |
| Engla: att vänta [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: to wait |
| Engla: att vänta [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: att vänta [natural native speed] |
| Engla: måste [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: to have to, must |
| Engla: måste [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: måste [natural native speed] |
| Engla: buss [natural native speed] |
| Gabriella: bus |
| Engla: buss [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Engla: buss [natural native speed] |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Gabriella: Seems like Anna and Robert are busy with homework. Tell me Engla, are Swedish young people generally quite busy? |
| Engla: That’s a good question. In general, Swedish youth are quite happy with their lives, but some research has shown that youth today experience more stress than before. |
| Gabriella: I see. So, why do they feel stressed? |
| Engla: I guess that there are many factors that can make someone feel stressed, but some common reasons are that they have low self esteem, high expectations but a lack of support, and because they're having problems sleeping. |
| Gabriella: There’s a lot of pressure I guess. And do girls and boys experience the same amount of stress? |
| Engla: Both experience stress, but it’s more common among girls. |
| Gabriella: That’s interesting. Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Engla: Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. We’ll start by talking about the expression det är lugnt. |
| Gabriella: Meaning “it’s cool”. |
| Engla: Exactly! And we use this in order to show someone that we've accepted their apology. |
| Gabriella: This expression feels very casual - is there any other way of doing this that's slightly more formal? |
| Engla: Yes, you can also say det är ingen fara, which literally translates as “there's no danger”. |
| Gabriella: Great, now let’s move on to the next word. |
| Engla: Next up we have the word sen, meaning “late”. |
| Gabriella: But this word can also mean “afterwards” and “then”, right? |
| Engla: Correct! |
| Gabriella: Is there any way to tell these apart? |
| Engla: Usually you know from the context, but sen as in “late” is pronounced with a long emphasized “e” - sen. |
| Gabriella: And the other one, that corresponds to “afterwards” or “then”? |
| Engla: That sen is pronounced with a short unemphasized “e” - sen. Once more sen, sen |
| Gabriella: That’s good to know. Now what's the final word we’ll talk about? |
| Engla: Last, we have the word förlåt. |
| Gabriella: And this is actually a word that's found in more than one word class. |
| Engla: Correct! It can be a noun, a verb, and an interjection. |
| Gabriella: Can you tell us more about it? |
| Engla: Usually we use the word förlåt in situations where we're giving excuses, asking for forgiveness, or talking about the action of forgiving someone. |
| Gabriella: I've also heard that it means “curtain” or “veil”. |
| Engla: That’s true, but you very seldom hear the word förlåt being used in that way and the pronunciation is a bit different. When used to mean “curtains” it is pronounced förlåt, instead of förlåt. but this is really rare, I don’t even think all Swedes know that it can also be used in that way. |
| Gabriella: Really? Okay, now onto the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Gabriella: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to use some common Swedish time references. |
| Engla: That’s right, and the ones we’re going to learn appeared in this lesson’s dialog. |
| Gabriella: I think I know which ones. |
| Engla: Great! |
| Gabriella: The first one must be when Robert says “For an hour”, right? |
| Engla: Yes and in Swedish that would be, I en timme. |
| Gabriella: Then Robert also used another time reference when he said, “I have to take the bus that leaves in two hours”, but how do you say that in Swedish? |
| Engla: Jag måste ta bussen som går om två timmar. |
| Gabriella: And the third time reference was also used by Robert when he said, “We’ll be done within an hour”. |
| Engla: And in Swedish that's Vi är klara på en timme. |
| Gabriella: Okay, now we should talk about how to create these time references. |
| Engla: Sounds like a good idea. All of these time references are created with the help of a preposition, which is either i, på, or om, together with a number. |
| Gabriella: A number? |
| Engla: Yes, like “one," "two," "five," or "twenty." |
| Gabriella: I see. |
| Engla: Then we also need a unit for time. |
| Gabriella: Like “seconds”, “hours,” or “minutes,” for example. So we use one of those three prepositions together with a number, followed by a unit of time. |
| Engla: Correct! I thought that we'd start by reviewing the Swedish numbers one to ten and then the Swedish names for time units. |
| Gabriella: Okay. |
| Engla: “One”, en. |
| Engla: “Two”, två, |
| Engla: “Three”, tre. |
| Engla: “Four”, fyra. |
| Engla: “Five”, fem. |
| Engla: “Six”, sex. |
| Engla: “Seven”, sju. |
| Engla: “Eight”, åtta. |
| Engla: “Nine”, nio. |
| Engla: “Ten”, tio. |
| Gabriella: Great, and how about units of time. For example, how do you say “second” and “seconds”? |
| Engla: “Second” is sekund, and “seconds” are sekunder. |
| Gabriella: And what about “minute” and “minutes”? |
| Engla: “Minute” is minut, and “minutes” is minuter. |
| Gabriella: How do you say “hour” and “hours? |
| Engla: “Hour” is timme, and "hours" is timmar? |
| Gabriella: Okay! Glad we went through that. Reviewing numbers and learning some Swedish names for units of time will make it easier to use time references like the ones from the dialog.So where do we start? |
| Engla: We’ll start with the preposition i. |
| Gabriella: Which we’ll use with a number followed by a unit of time, right? |
| Engla: Correct! And i used in this way corresponds with the English “for”. |
| Gabriella: That must mean that this type of time reference is used when we want to talk about how long something has been going on. |
| Engla: You’re absolutely right. |
| Gabriella: So this is the time reference I would use in Swedish if I wanted to say “I ran for one hour”? |
| Engla: Yes, and “I ran” in Swedish is Jag sprang. To create the time reference “for one hour” you use the preposition i followed by the number “one,” which in Swedish is en. |
| Gabriella: And then we also need the unit of time, which in this case is “hour”. |
| Engla: Yes, and hour in Swedish is timme. |
| Gabriella: Okay so if we put that together how would you then say, “I ran for one hour”? |
| Engla: Jag sprang i en timme. |
| Gabriella: Let’s try another one. How would you say, “Anna cleaned for two hours”. |
| Engla: “Anna cleaned” is Anna städade. Then we create the time reference by using i together with the number två, meaning "two". Then follow with the plural form of “hours,” namely timmar. |
| Gabriella: So how do we say, “Anna cleaned for two hours”? |
| Engla: “Anna städade i två timmar”. |
| Gabriella: Great, let’s move on to the next preposition. |
| Engla: Next we have the preposition på. |
| Gabriella: That usually corresponds to the English “on” right? |
| Engla: Yes, but when we use this to create a time reference, på instead corresponds to the English “within”. So you use it when you're talking about how long something will take. |
| Gabriella: What if I wanted to say, “He has done everything within four hours”? |
| Engla: “He has done everything” in Swedish is Han har gjort allt, and to create the time reference we’ll need to use på together with the number fyra, meaning "four". And that is followed by the unit of time, which in this case was timmar or "hours". |
| Gabriella: So “He has done everything within four hours” in Swedish is? |
| Engla: Han har gjort allt på fyra timmar. |
| Gabriella: Okay, let’s move on. |
| Engla: Sure, last we have time references that we create by using the preposition om with a number followed by a unit of time. |
| Gabriella: What does this preposition correspond to in English? |
| Engla: Om, in this case, corresponds to “in”. |
| Gabriella: So we use it to talk about something that's going to happen in a certain amount of time. |
| Engla: That’s right! |
| Gabriella: Okay, so how would I say, “The movie starts in ten minutes”. |
| Engla: “The movie starts” is bion börjar, and then we use the preposition om, followed by the number tio meaning "ten" and the time unit minuter for "minutes". |
| Gabriella: And if we put that together into a full sentence? |
| Engla: Bion börjar om tio minuter. |
Outro |
| Gabriella: Great! I think that's all for now. |
| Engla: Yes, I think so. Great work everyone. |
| Gabriella: Yes, and we’ll see you next time. Bye bye! |
| Engla: hej då! |
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