Learn how to make passive voice sentences using past participles
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Elin: Hej allihopa! I’m Elin. |
| Becky: Hi everyone, I’m Becky. Welcome back to SwedishPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 10 - Have You Done All the Swedish Housework? In this lesson, you’ll learn how to make passive voice sentences using the past participle. |
| Elin: The conversation takes place in Emma and David’s apartment. |
| Becky: It’s between Emma and her partner David, and they are using informal Swedish, since they are a couple. |
| Elin: Great! Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Emma: David, jag åker och träffar Malin nu. |
| David: Va?! Jag trodde du skulle städa idag. |
| Emma: Jag kunde sluta tidigare, så jag har redan gjort allt. |
| David: Har du tvättat? |
| Emma: Tvätten är tvättad. |
| David: Vad bra! Och disken då? |
| Emma: Disken är diskad. |
| David: Hur är det med golven? |
| Emma: Golven är damsugna. |
| Becky: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Emma: David, jag åker och träffar Malin nu. |
| David: Va?! Jag trodde du skulle städa idag. |
| Emma: Jag kunde sluta tidigare, så jag har redan gjort allt. |
| David: Har du tvättat? |
| Emma: Tvätten är tvättad. |
| David: Vad bra! Och disken då? |
| Emma: Disken är diskad. |
| David: Hur är det med golven? |
| Emma: Golven är damsugna. |
| Becky: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| Emma: David, jag åker och träffar Malin nu. |
| Emma: David, I’m going to meet Malin now. |
| David: Va?! Jag trodde du skulle städa idag. |
| David: What?! I thought you would clean today. |
| Emma: Jag kunde sluta tidigare, så jag har redan gjort allt. |
| Emma: I was able to get off earlier, so I’ve already done everything. |
| David: Har du tvättat? |
| David: Have you done the laundry? |
| Emma: Tvätten är tvättad. |
| Emma: The laundry is washed. |
| David: Vad bra! Och disken då? |
| David: Great! And the dishes? |
| Emma: Disken är diskad. |
| Emma: The dishes are washed. |
| David: Hur är det med golven? |
| David: What about the floors? |
| Emma: Golven är damsugna. |
| Emma: The floors are vacuumed. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: Poor Emma, she was the one who did all the housework. Is it typical for the woman in a relationship to do all the housework, Elin? |
| Elin: No, I would say that generally, it’s more equal. |
| Becky: Yes that’s what I thought, I mean, you always hear how equal things are between the sexes in Sweden. |
| Elin: Well, it’s true that Sweden is known as a country where inequalities between the sexes are not as great as in many other countries. But that doesn’t mean that there’s no difference in how much housework, and what kind of housework women and men do. |
| Becky: Tell me more! |
| Elin: Well, recent studies, for example, show that women on average spend 2 hours a day doing housework such as cleaning, cooking and doing laundry, while men on average spend about 1 hour. |
| Becky: Aren’t there some other types of housework that men do more than women? |
| Elin: Yes, men do more housework like repairing things around the house, walking and taking care of family pets, and gardening. |
| Becky: And how much time do they spend on that? |
| Elin: On average 40 minutes a day, while women spend around 20 minutes a day on the same type of housework. |
| Becky: I see, but that actually means that women spend more time on housework on average than men do! |
| Elin: Yes that’s right, but that will hopefully change with time. Now let’s move on to vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Becky: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is... |
| Elin: va?! [natural native speed] |
| Becky: what?! |
| Elin: va?! [slowly - broken down by syllable] va?! [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: att sluta [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to get off |
| Elin: att sluta [slowly - broken down by syllable] att sluta [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: redan [natural native speed] |
| Becky: already |
| Elin: redan [slowly - broken down by syllable] redan [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: allt [natural native speed] |
| Becky: everything |
| Elin: allt [slowly - broken down by syllable] allt [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: tvätten [natural native speed] |
| Becky: the laundry |
| Elin: tvätten [slowly - broken down by syllable] tvätten [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: att tvätta [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to wash |
| Elin: att tvätta [slowly - broken down by syllable] att tvätta [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: disken [natural native speed] |
| Becky: the dishes |
| Elin: disken [slowly - broken down by syllable] disken [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: att diska [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to wash |
| Elin: att diska [slowly - broken down by syllable] att diska [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: golven [natural native speed] |
| Becky: the floors |
| Elin: golven [slowly - broken down by syllable] golven [natural native speed] |
| Becky: And last... |
| Elin: att damsuga [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to vacuum |
| Elin: att damsuga [slowly - broken down by syllable] att damsuga [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Elin: The first word that we need to talk about is the interjection “va”, meaning “what” or “eh”. |
| Becky: And what’s so special about that? |
| Elin: The reason we’re bringing it up, is that Swedes in their daily conversations, are sometimes a bit careless of how they pronounce certain words. |
| Becky: What words? |
| Elin: Words such as the pronoun “vad” meaning “what”, and the adverb “var” meaning “where”, can often be pronounced so that they sound like “va”, and this might cause some confusion for non-native speakers. |
| Becky: Ok, what do you have for us next? |
| Elin: Next up I have the verb “att sluta”, meaning “to get off”. |
| Becky: And that was used in this lesson when Emma talked about getting off work earlier, saying,” I was able to get off earlier, so I have already done that”. |
| Elin: Precisely, and that was, “jag kunde sluta tidigare, så jag har redan gjort allt”. |
| Becky: So this verb can be used when we talk about “getting off” things like work. |
| Elin: Yes, but the verb “att sluta” can also mean “to quit” or “to stop”. |
| Becky: I see. So how would you say, “You should stop smoking”? |
| Elin: “Du borde sluta röka”. |
| Becky: And how about “stop screaming”. |
| Elin: “sluta skrika” |
| Becky: Now let’s move on to the grammar! |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Elin: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to make passive voice sentences using the past participle. |
| Becky: Let’s first look at some of the sentences from the dialogue, that are passive voice sentences. We had sentences like, “The laundry is washed”, “the dishes are washed” and “the floors are vacuumed”. |
| Elin: And those were “tvätten är tvättad”, disken är diskad” and “golven är damsugna” respectively. Let’s start by reviewing the difference between an active voice sentence, and a passive voice sentence. |
| Becky: Sure. In an active voice sentence, the subject carries out the activity the verb is describing. In the active voice sentence, “Lisa is vacuuming the floors”, Lisa is the subject that’s carrying out the activity the verb is describing, in this case, Lisa is vacuuming floors. |
| Elin: That’s right. |
| Becky: In a passive voice sentence like “the floors are vacuumed by Lisa”, the subject of the active voice sentence, in this case, “Lisa” has instead become the agent of the sentence, which is marked with the preposition “by”. The object of the passive voice sentence, in this case “the floors”, has instead become the subject of the sentence. |
| Elin: Ok, now, let’s move on to forming the past participle. |
| Becky: One thing we need to know about the past participle in general, is that when we use the past participle in a passive voice sentence, we also need to use an auxiliary verb. Elin, what are those? |
| Elin: There are two auxiliary verbs you can use, but in this lesson, we’ll only cover the auxiliary verb “att vara” in its present tense form “är” meaning “is”/”are”. |
| Becky: You should know that the past participle in Swedish can be created from the supine form of a verb, but the past participle behaves in a similar way to Swedish adjectives. This means that they change their endings depending on whether they are referring to a common or neuter gender noun, and whether the noun is in its definite plural form. |
| Elin: That’s right. But, keep in mind that we are only going through the past participle that can be used in passive voice sentences. So we won’t cover all the aspects of the past participle in this lesson. |
| Becky: Now listeners, I know this might seem a bit overwhelming, but let’s go through it step-by-step so it’s more clear. Let’s look at how to form the past participle out of the supine form of a verb. |
| Elin: We will start with the first group of verbs that conjugate in the regular way, and have a supine form that ends in –at, “a”, “t”. |
| Becky: What are some example of verbs from this group? |
| Elin: Verbs such as “städat” meaning “cleaned”, “ritat” meaning “drawn”, and “bokat” meaning “booked”. |
| Becky: And how do you change these verbs to their past participle? |
| Elin: When they’re referring to a neuter gender noun, these verbs don’t take an ending - they are exactly the same as their supine form. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the house is cleaned”. |
| Elin: You would use the verb “städat”, which is the same in its supine and past participle forms, and say “huset är städat”. Listeners, repeat after me. |
| Elin: “Huset är städat”[pause]. |
| Becky: How about if the verb is referring to a common gender noun instead? |
| Elin: Then the supine form of the verb drops its final –t and you add a –d. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the car is cleaned”? |
| Elin: Listeners, repeat after me! “bilen är städad”. [pause]. |
| Becky: And what about when the verb is referring to a noun in its definite plural form? |
| Elin: Then the supine form of the verb drops its final –t, and you add the ending –de. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the rooms are cleaned”? |
| Elin: Listeners, repeat after me! “rummen är städade”. [pause]. |
| Becky: Okay, let’s move on to the second group of verbs that conjugate regularly. Here we have two subgroups of verbs - the ones with a verb stem that ends in a voiced consonant, and those with a verb stem that ends in an unvoiced consonant. Let’s start with first group! Do you have an example Elin? |
| Elin: We have the verb “att hänga” meaning “to hang”, which in its supine form is “hängt”. |
| Becky: And how does this change to its past participle when referring to a neuter gender noun? |
| Elin: It doesn’t, so “hängt” remains “hängt”. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the drape is hung up”? |
| Elin: Listeners, repeat after me! “lakanet är hängt”. [pause]. |
| Becky: And how about when it’s referring to a common gender noun? |
| Elin: When referring to a common gender noun, the supine form of the verb drops its final -t, and you add a -d to its ending. So “hängt” becomes “hängd”. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the laundry is hung up”? |
| Elin: Listeners, repeat after me! “tvätten är hängd”. [pause]. |
| Becky: And what about when the verb is referring to a noun in its definite plural form? |
| Elin: Then, the supine form of the verb drops its final -t and you add the ending -da. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the curtains are hung up” |
| Elin: Listeners, repeat after me! “Gardinerna är hängda”. [pause]. |
| Becky: Let’s move on to the second subgroup of verbs that have verb stems that end in an unvoiced consonant. Elin, what’s a verb from this group? |
| Elin: The verb “att köpa” meaning “to buy”, and the supine of this is “köpt”. These verbs are a bit different, because they don't take any endings in their past participle form, when they are referring to a neuter or a common gender noun. |
| Becky: That’s great news! But how would you say, “the ticket is bought” in Swedish? |
| Elin: Listeners repeat after me! “Biljetten är köpt” [pause]. |
| Becky: And how would you say, “the house is bought”? |
| Elin: Listeners repeat after me! “Huset är köpt”.[pause]. |
| Becky: What about when the verb is referring to a noun in its definite plural form? |
| Elin: Then, the supine forms of the verbs add the ending –a, “a”. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the flowers are bought”?[pause]. |
| Elin: Listeners, repeat after me! “Blommorna är köpta”. |
| Becky: Okay, let’s move on to the third and final group of verbs that conjugate regularly, those that have a supine form that ends in a –tt, double “t”. |
| Elin: And here you have the verb “att sno” meaning “to steal”, which in its supine form is “snott”. |
| Becky: And how would you change these verbs into their past participle, when they’re referring to a neuter gender noun? |
| Elin: In that case, these verbs take no ending. |
| Becky: So how would you say, ”the necklace is stolen”? |
| Elin: Listeners, repeat after me! “Halsbandet är snott”. [pause]. |
| Becky: And what about when the verb is referring to a common gender noun? |
| Elin: Then, the supine form of the verb drops its final -tt double “t” and you add a -dd, double “d” to its ending. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the car is stolen”? |
| Elin: Listeners, repeat after me! “Bilen är snodd”. [pause]. |
| Becky: And how about when the verb is referring to a noun in its definite plural form? |
| Elin: Then, the supine form of the verb drops its final -tt double “t” and you add the ending -dda double “d”, “a”. |
| Becky: So how would you say, “the diamonds are stolen”? |
| Elin: “Diamanterna är snodda”. [pause]. |
| Becky: Ok, good job everyone! Listeners, make sure you check the lesson notes to reinforce what you’ve learned in this lesson. |
Outro |
|---|
| Becky: Okay that’s it for this lesson. Thanks for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Elin: Hej då! |
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