Learn how to conjugate rules for irregular verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Elin: Hej allihopa! I’m Elin. |
| Becky: Hi everyone, I’m Becky. Welcome back to SwedishPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 13 - Which Swedish Travel Agency Would You Choose? In this lesson you’ll learn conjugation rules for irregular verbs. |
| Elin: The conversation takes place at Emma’s office. |
| Becky: It’s between Emma and her employee Anna, and they’re using informal Swedish, since they work together. |
| Elin: Great! Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Anna: Emma, har du några planer för din semester? |
| Emma: Ja, jag och familjen ska flyga till Mallorca. |
| Anna: Det låter trevligt. Har ni varit där förut? |
| Emma: Ja vi flög dit förra året och det var så lyckat, så vi bestämde oss att åka i år också. |
| Anna: Det låter ju underbart. När åker ni? |
| Emma: Vi flyger på måndag. |
| Anna: Och vilken resebyrå åker ni med? |
| Emma: Vi åker med Fritidsresor det ska bli intressant jag har aldrig flugit med dem tidigare. |
| Becky: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Anna: Emma, har du några planer för din semester? |
| Emma: Ja, jag och familjen ska flyga till Mallorca. |
| Anna: Det låter trevligt. Har ni varit där förut? |
| Emma: Ja vi flög dit förra året och det var så lyckat, så vi bestämde oss att åka i år också. |
| Anna: Det låter ju underbart. När åker ni? |
| Emma: Vi flyger på måndag. |
| Anna: Och vilken resebyrå åker ni med? |
| Emma: Vi åker med Fritidsresor det ska bli intressant jag har aldrig flugit med dem tidigare. |
| Becky: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| Anna: Emma, har du några planer för din semester? |
| Anna: Emma, do you have any plans for your vacation? |
| Emma: Ja, jag och familjen ska flyga till Mallorca. |
| Emma: Yes, the family and I are going to fly to Majorca. |
| Anna: Det låter trevligt. Har ni varit där förut? |
| Anna: That sounds nice. Have you been there before? |
| Emma: Ja vi flög dit förra året och det var så lyckat, så vi bestämde oss att åka i år också. |
| Emma: Yes we flew there last year and it was so successful, that we decided to go there this year as well. |
| Anna: Det låter ju underbart. När åker ni? |
| Anna: That sounds wonderful. When are you leaving? |
| Emma: Vi flyger på måndag. |
| Emma: We fly on Monday. |
| Anna: Och vilken resebyrå åker ni med? |
| Anna: And what travel agency do you go with? |
| Emma: Vi åker med Fritidsresor det ska bli intressant jag har aldrig flugit med dem tidigare. |
| Emma: We are going with Fritidsresor it will be interesting, I've never flown with them before. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: It sounds like Emma and her family have some great plans for their summer vacation! So do Swedes usually travel abroad on their vacation? |
| Elin: Yes, they do! And because Sweden is a country with a long and cold winter, Swedes are especially fond of visiting countries with warmer climates. |
| Becky: So what are some of the more popular destinations? |
| Elin: Well, Spain is definitely a popular one, as well as places like Greece and Thailand. |
| Becky: Those are all great places. |
| Elin: Because these are popular destinations among Swedes, several of the Swedish travel agencies arrange travel packages that include the airfare and accommodation. |
| Becky: That sounds great! I love it when everything is arranged for me! |
| Elin: Me too, but one thing that you might want to do before booking a travel package, is to research the different destinations. |
| Becky: Why is that? |
| Elin: Well, some of the destinations are known as places where young people go to party, and those places might be less suitable for families with children. |
| Becky: Oh, that’s a good tip! Now, let’s move on to the vocabulary. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Becky: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is... |
| Elin: plan [natural native speed] |
| Becky: plan |
| Elin: plan [slowly - broken down by syllable] plan [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: semester [natural native speed] |
| Becky: vacation |
| Elin: semester [slowly - broken down by syllable] semester [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: att flyga [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to fly |
| Elin: att flyga [slowly - broken down by syllable] att flyga [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: ni [natural native speed] |
| Becky: you |
| Elin: ni [slowly - broken down by syllable] ni [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: förut [natural native speed] |
| Becky: before |
| Elin: förut [slowly - broken down by syllable] förut [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: lyckad [natural native speed] |
| Becky: successful |
| Elin: lyckad [slowly - broken down by syllable] lyckad [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: att bestämma [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to decide |
| Elin: att bestämma [slowly - broken down by syllable] att bestämma [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: oss [natural native speed] |
| Becky: us |
| Elin: oss [slowly - broken down by syllable] oss [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: resebyrå [natural native speed] |
| Becky: travel agency |
| Elin: resebyrå [slowly - broken down by syllable] resebyrå [natural native speed] |
| Becky: And last... |
| Elin: intressant [natural native speed] |
| Becky: interesting |
| Elin: intressant [slowly - broken down by syllable] intressant [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Elin: First up is the verb “att bestämma”. |
| Becky: That means, “to decide”, right? |
| Elin: That’s correct, but there’s one important thing you should know about this verb, if you want to use it. |
| Becky: What is that? |
| Elin: In Swedish, “att bestämma” is used with a reflexive pronoun. |
| Becky: I see! A reflexive pronoun that denotes the subject of a sentence. |
| Elin: Yes, and in Swedish we have reflexive pronouns such as “mig”(myself), “dig” (yourself), “oss” (ourselves), “er” (yourselves) and “sig”, which can mean “himself”, “herself”, “itself”, “oneself” or “themselves”. |
| Becky: In this lesson’s dialog, the verb for “to decide” was used together with the Swedish reflexive pronoun for “ourselves”, when Emma says, “we decided to go there this year as well”. |
| Elin: That’s right! Emma used the reflexive pronoun “oss” when she said, “vi bestämde oss for att åka i år också”. |
| Becky: Okay, that’s great, but how would you for example say, “He decided to quit smoking”? |
| Elin: Then you would say, “han bestämde sig för att sluta röka”. |
| Becky: And what about, “I decided to start working”? How would you say that? |
| Elin: “Jag bestämde mig för att börja jobba”. |
| Becky: Great! Let’s just try one more. |
| Elin: Sure! |
| Becky: How would you say, “you need to decide soon”? |
| Elin: Then you would say, “du måste bestämma dig snart”. |
| Becky: Is there anything else we need to talk about? |
| Elin: I think so - Next up, we have the personal pronoun “ni”. |
| Becky: Meaning “you”. |
| Elin: That’s right! “Ni” is often used when we’re speaking to more than one person. |
| Becky: But it can also be used when only speaking to one person as well, right? |
| Elin: Yes. “Ni” is also a formal way of saying “du” meaning “you”, which is only used when we refer to one person. |
| Becky: Is it really important to get this right when talking to someone in a formal situation? |
| Elin: I would say that it’s good to use “ni” instead of the more informal “du” if the situation is very formal, but since Swedes are quite casual anyway, you’ll get away with using “du” in most situations. |
| Becky: Thank you for clearing that up! Now, let’s move on to the grammar! |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Becky: In this lesson you’ll learn the conjugation rules for irregular verbs. |
| Elin: That’s right! And we started looking at this in a previous lesson. |
| Becky: But in this lesson, we’ll continue to do this by looking at irregular verbs that have a stem that contains either a vowel “u” or “y”. Like, for example, the Swedish verb for “to fly” that appeared in this lesson’s dialog. |
| Elin: Yes, the verb “att flyga” belongs to this group. We’ll also look at irregular verbs such as “att fara” meaning “to travel” or “to go”, which are verbs that belong with a verb stem that contains the vowel “a”. |
| Becky: Ok, let’s start with the irregular verbs with a verb stem containing a “u” or “y”. |
| Elin: That sounds like a good idea! Here you have the verb “att flyga” meaning “to fly”, “att bjuda” meaning “to invite” and “att ljuga” meaning “to lie”. |
| Becky: And all these forms of the verbs can be created as long as you know the imperative form of the verb, right? |
| Elin: That’s right! |
| Becky: So let’s start with how to form the infinitive form, which is done by adding an -a to the end of the verb. |
| Elin: Correct! So the imperative form “flyg” meaning “fly” becomes “att flyga” meaning “to fly”. |
| Becky: Listeners, repeat after Elin, please! |
| Elin: “Flyg” [pause], “att flyga” [pause]. |
| Becky: And if you want to form the present tense, you simply add “-er”, -er to the end of the imperative form. |
| Elin: Yes, so “flyg” meaning “fly” changes to “flyger” meaning “flies”. Listeners, repeat after me! |
| Elin: “Flyg” [pause], “flyger” [pause]. |
| Becky: To form the preterite, the only thing we need to do is to change the stem vowel, which is either a “y” or an “u”, to an “ö” - “o” with an umlaut. |
| Elin: In this case, “flyg” meaning “fly”, becomes “flög” meaning “flew”. Listeners, repeat after me - “Flyg” [pause], “flög” [pause]. |
| Becky: Now for the supine form it becomes a bit more complicated. |
| Elin: That’s right! For irregular verbs with a stem containing a “u”, you only need to add the ending -it “i”, “t”, to form the supine. So the verb “bjud” meaning “invite” becomes “bjudit” meaning “invited”. Listeners, repeat after me. |
| Elin: “Bjud” [pause], “bjudit”. |
| Becky: But to form the supine form for verbs that have a verb stem containing a “y”, we need to change the “y” to a “u”, plus add the ending “-it”. |
| Elin: Precisely! So “flyg” (“fly”) becomes “flugit” meaning “flown”. Listeners, repeat after me! |
| Elin: ”Flyg” [pause], “flugit” [pause]. |
| Becky: Great! Now let’s move on to the irregular verbs with a stem that contains an “a”. |
| Elin: Okay! Here we have irregular verbs such as “att fara” meaning “to travel” or “to go”, as well as the verb “att taga”, meaning “to take”. |
| Becky: I have a question about the verb “to take”. |
| Elin: Sure! |
| Becky: Is this form of the verb really used in modern Swedish? |
| Elin: That’s a good question, and yes, the verb “att taga” is the longer version of the verb “att ta”, and it’s not used in modern Swedish. The reason we need to include the longer form here, is because the conjugation builds on the long form. |
| Becky: That makes sense. |
| Elin: Now, like we did before, you can create the different verb forms from the imperative form. |
| Becky: To create the infinite form from the imperative form, you simply need to add the ending “-a”. |
| Elin: Yes, so “tag” meaning “take”, which is the imperative form, becomes “att taga” meaning “to take”. But in modern Swedish, you would just say, “att ta”. |
| Becky: But for the Swedish verb for “to travel” you would add the ending “-a” to get the infinitive, right? |
| Elin: Correct! So the imperative “far” meaning “travel” becomes “att fara” meaning “to travel’. Listeners, repeat after me! |
| Elin: “Far” [pause], “fara” [pause]. |
| Becky: For the present tense, the final consonant of the imperative form is dropped, and the ending “-r” is added. |
| Elin: Yes, so “tag”, “to take” becomes “tar”, “takes”. Listeners repeat after me! |
| Elin: “Tag”[pause], “tar” [pause]. |
| Becky: To form the preterite, we only need to change the stem vowel from “a” to “o”. |
| Elin: “Tag” (take) therefore changes to “tog” meaning “took”. Repeat after me - “Tag” [pause], “tog” [pause]. |
| Becky: Finally, for the supine, you just add the ending “-it”. |
| Elin: So “tag” (take) becomes “tagit” meaning “taken”. Listeners, repeat after me! |
| Elin: “Tag” [pause], “tagit” [pause]. |
| Becky: Okay. Make sure to check the lesson notes to reinforce what you’ve learned today. |
Outro |
|---|
| Becky: Okay that’s it for this lesson. Thanks for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Elin: Hej då! |
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