Learn how to change indefinite fourth and fifth declension nouns from their singular to plural
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Elin: Hej allihopa! I’m Elin. |
| Becky: Hi everyone, I’m Becky. Welcome back to SwedishPod101.com. This is Upper Beginner, Season 1, Lesson 8 - Where in Sweden Do Apples Come From? In this lesson you’ll continue to learn how to switch indefinite singular nouns into their plural forms, in the fourth and fifth declensions. |
| Elin: The conversation takes place at Emma and David’s apartment. |
| Becky: It’s between Emma and her daughter Elsa, and they are using informal Swedish, since they are family. |
| Elin: Great! Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Elsa: Mamma, jag är hungrig. Ska vi äta snart? |
| Emma: Inte ännu. Här ta ett äpple. |
| Elsa: Tack! Mamma, var kommer äpplen från? Från affären? |
| Emma: Vi köper äpplen i affären, men äpplet du äter nu, har vuxit på ett träd. |
| Elsa: Ett träd? Vadå för träd? |
| Emma: Äppelträd. Sådana träd som farmor har i sin trädgård. |
| Elsa: Jaha. |
| Becky: Let’s hear the conversation one time slowly. |
| Elsa: Mamma, jag är hungrig. Ska vi äta snart? |
| Emma: Inte ännu. Här ta ett äpple. |
| Elsa: Tack! Mamma, var kommer äpplen från? Från affären? |
| Emma: Vi köper äpplen i affären, men äpplet du äter nu, har vuxit på ett träd. |
| Elsa: Ett träd? Vadå för träd? |
| Emma: Äppelträd. Sådana träd som farmor har i sin trädgård. |
| Elsa: Jaha. |
| Becky: Now let's hear it with the English translation. |
| Elsa: Mamma, jag är hungrig. Ska vi äta snart? |
| Elsa: Mom, I’m hungry. Are we going to eat soon? |
| Emma: Inte ännu. Här ta ett äpple. |
| Emma: Not yet. Here, take an apple. |
| Elsa: Tack! Mamma, var kommer äpplen från? Från affären? |
| Elsa: Thanks! Mom, where do apples come from? From the store? |
| Emma: Vi köper äpplen i affären, men äpplet du äter nu, har vuxit på ett träd. |
| Emma: We buy them at the store, but the apple that you are eating now has grown on a tree. |
| Elsa: Ett träd? Vadå för träd? |
| Elsa: A tree? What kind of tree? |
| Emma: Äppelträd. Sådana träd som farmor har i sin trädgård. |
| Emma: Apple trees. Like the trees grandmother has in her garden. |
| Elsa: Jaha. |
| Elsa: I see. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Becky: Wow, it sure sounds nice to have a fruit tree in your backyard. Elin, is it common for people to have fruit trees in their gardens in Sweden? |
| Elin: Yes I would say that it’s pretty common for Swedes who have their own garden to also have, for example, apple trees, pear trees and plum trees. |
| Becky: And what do they do with all these fruit? |
| Elin: Well, except for just enjoying the fruit as it is, many Swedes use the fruit to make things like cider, jam and cakes. |
| Becky: That sounds delicious! |
| Elin: Yes it sure does. But all this ripe fruit can also be a temptation, and it’s quite common among children and young people to steal the fruit. |
| Becky: Stealing the fruit? |
| Elin: Yes, and the activity of stealing fruit from people’s trees is so common that it actually has its own verb, “att palla” meaning “to steal”, but only used when referring to the stealing of fruit. |
| Becky: Wow, that’s very interesting! Now, let’s move on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Becky: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word we shall see is... |
| Elin: hungrig [natural native speed] |
| Becky: hungry |
| Elin: hungrig [slowly - broken down by syllable] hungrig [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: snart [natural native speed] |
| Becky: soon |
| Elin: snart [slowly - broken down by syllable] snart [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: ännu [natural native speed] |
| Becky: yet |
| Elin: ännu [slowly - broken down by syllable] ännu [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: äpple [natural native speed] |
| Becky: apple |
| Elin: äpple [slowly - broken down by syllable] äpple [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: affär [natural native speed] |
| Becky: store |
| Elin: affär [slowly - broken down by syllable] affär [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: nu [natural native speed] |
| Becky: now |
| Elin: nu [slowly - broken down by syllable] nu [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: att växa [natural native speed] |
| Becky: to grow |
| Elin: att växa [slowly - broken down by syllable] att växa [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: träd [natural native speed] |
| Becky: tree |
| Elin: träd [slowly - broken down by syllable] träd [natural native speed] |
| Becky: Next |
| Elin: farmor [natural native speed] |
| Becky: grandmother |
| Elin: farmor [slowly - broken down by syllable] farmor [natural native speed] |
| Becky: And last... |
| Elin: trädgård [natural native speed] |
| Becky: garden |
| Elin: trädgård [slowly - broken down by syllable] trädgård [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Becky: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Elin: The first word that we need to talk about is “farmor”. |
| Becky: And that means “grandmother” right? |
| Elin: Yes, it does mean “grandmother”, but it actually also has a more specific meaning. |
| Becky: I’m not sure I follow...What do you mean? |
| Elin: Well the noun “farmor” means the grandmother from you father’s side of the family. |
| Becky: I see. So what word would you use for your grandmother from your mother’s side of the family? |
| Elin: Then you would use the word “mormor”. |
| Becky: Oh, I see! Does this mean that there are also two words for the word “grandfather”? |
| Elin: That’s right! For your grandfather from you father’s side of the family, you would say, ”farfar”. |
| Becky: And for you grandfather from your mother’s side of the family? |
| Elin: He is “morfar”. |
| Becky: Got it! What’s the next word? |
| Elin: I would also like to mention the word “trädgård”, which appears in this lesson’s dialog. |
| Becky: And that translates to, “garden” right? |
| Elin: Yes it does in more natural English, but if you translated it literally, it would mean “tree garden”. |
| Becky: And this word is used when we talk about the area surrounding someone’s house? |
| Elin: That’s right, but sometimes Swedes only say “gård” instead of “trädgård”. |
| Becky: Ok, I’ll try to remember them both! Now let’s move on to the grammar! |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Becky: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to switch indefinite singular nouns into their plural forms, in the fourth and fifth declensions. |
| Elin: Let’s start with some nouns belonging to the fourth declension. |
| Becky: Sure, but is there something that we need to know about the fourth declension? |
| Elin: Glad you asked! Yes, the fourth declension contains a very small portion of all nouns, and they are neuter gender nouns that end in an unstressed vowel, that’s most commonly an “e”. |
| Becky: And how would you change these verbs from their indefinite singular to their indefinite plural? |
| Elin: That’s quite easy in fact, you simply add an –n, “n”, to the end. |
| Becky: That sounds easy! Do you have any examples for our listeners? |
| Elin: Of course, the word “äpple” meaning “apple” that appeared in this lesson’s dialog, belongs to the fourth declension. So “äpple”, becomes “äpplen”. |
| Becky: Let’s get our listeners to practice that. Listeners, repeat after Elin! |
| Elin: “äpple”[pause] “äpplen”[pause]. |
| Becky: Any other examples? |
| Elin: The noun “bankkonto” meaning “bank account” belongs to the fourth declension, and follows the same pattern of adding an –n to form the indefinite plural form. |
| Becky: So how would you say “bank accounts” in Swedish? |
| Elin: “Bankkonto”, becomes “bankkonton”. Listeners, repeat after me! |
| Elin: “Bankkonto”[pause] “bankkonton”[pause]. |
| Becky: Should we move on to the nouns belonging to the fifth declension now? |
| Elin: Yes, but before we do that, we also need to mention that there are a few nouns in the fourth declension that are irregular, such as the noun “öra” meaning “an ear”, “huvud” meaning “a head” and “öga” meaning “an eye”. |
| Becky: And what do they sound like in their indefinite plural form? |
| Elin: “öron” (ears), “huvuden” (heads), “ögon” (eyes). |
| Becky: I guess you just have to memorize those! |
| Elin: Yes, I think that’s a good idea! Now, let’s move on to the fifth and final declension! |
| Becky: Ok, what can you tell us about the fifth declension? |
| Elin: Most of the nouns belonging to the fifth declension are neuter gender nouns, that end in a consonant. |
| Becky: And how do we change them from their indefinite form to their indefinite plural form? |
| Elin: Well that’s the great news! They don't change - nouns belonging to the fifth declension are identical in their indefinite singular form and their indefinite plural form. |
| Becky: Wow, that *is* great news! But do you have some examples of nouns belonging to this declension? |
| Elin: Of course! You have nouns like “träd” meaning “a tree”, “hus” meaning “a house” and “namn” meaning “a name”. |
| Becky: Okay, so if I were to say “five trees”, “four houses” and “three names” in Swedish? |
| Elin: Then you would say, ”fem träd”, “fyra hus” and “tre namn”. |
| Becky: Great! Let’s have our listeners practice that! Listeners, repeat after Elin! |
| Elin: ”Fem träd”[pause], “fyra hus” [pause], “tre namn”[pause]. |
| Becky: Is there anything else that we need to know about the fifth declension? |
| Elin: Yes, it might be good to know that there are some common gender nouns that also belong to the fifth declension, that denote people. |
| Becky: Such as? |
| Elin: Nouns like “läkare” meaning “doctor” and “lärare” meaning “teacher”. |
| Becky: And these also stay the same in their indefinite plural form? |
| Elin: Yes, “two doctors” in Swedish is “två läkare” and “three teachers” is “tre lärare”. |
| Becky: Listeners repeat after Elin! |
| Elin: “två läkare”[pause] ,“tre lärare”[pause]. |
| Becky: Ok. Make sure you check the lesson notes if you still have questions about this grammar. |
Outro |
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| Becky: Okay that’s it for this lesson. Thanks for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Elin: Hej då! |
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